Metal Matters

When it comes to woodworking, the metal in your tools directly affects performance, durability, and—of course—cost. Let’s break down the most common tool metals, how they perform, and what they mean for your budget.

Before diving into tool materials, keep these 3 other factors in mind:

1. Hardness vs. Brittleness

Hardness determines how well a material resists wear and holds an edge. Brittleness, on the other hand, is how easily something breaks under stress. A harder metal stays sharp longer, but if it's too brittle, it can chip or snap. Think of your phone screen—tempered glass is super hard against scratches, but one drop and it will crack. Similarly, tungsten carbide tools can hold an edge for ages but chip easily, although they're highly resistant to wear. Tool steel, likened to a face shield, is slightly softer but much tougher, absorbing impacts without shattering.

2. Hidden Costs

That cheaper blade might look like a deal, but if you’re replacing it every few weeks, the cost (and frustration) adds up. More replacements mean more time swapping blades instead of working. And it’s not just about the blade—your entire machine is a consumable. Dull blades force the motor, bushings, and belts to work harder, wearing out parts faster. A dull table saw blade, for example, puts extra strain on the motor, potentially shortening its lifespan—and a new motor isn’t always cheap.

3. Convenience & Availability

Buying cheaper tools might mean more frequent restocking. If a specialty blade or bit isn't easy to find locally, you could be stuck waiting on orders in a pinch. Investing in longer-lasting materials can save you time, which can also save you money and headaches in the long run.

1. High-Carbon Steel – The Classic Choice

🔪 Best For: Chisels, hand planes, hand saws
💰 Price: $$ (Affordable to Mid-Range)
High-carbon steel is a staple for traditional hand tools. It’s easy to sharpen and holds a great edge, but it’s prone to rust. While generally affordable, premium versions (like Japanese white/blue steel) can get pricey.

2. High-Speed Steel (HSS) – Built for the Long Haul

⚙️ Best For: Lathe tools, drill bits, router bits
💰 Price: $$$ (Mid to High-End)
HSS stays sharp longer and handles heat well, making it ideal for power tools. It costs more than high-carbon steel, but you’ll spend less time sharpening. Great for serious woodworkers who do a lot of turning or routing.

3. Tool Steel – Tough & Versatile

🛠️ Best For: Hand tools, plane irons, saw blades
💰 Price: $$-$$$ (Mid-Range to Expensive, Depending on Type)
Tool steel balances hardness and toughness. A2 steel costs more than O1 steel but holds an edge longer. Expect to pay extra for cryogenically treated or precision-ground versions.

4. Tungsten Carbide – The Power Player

⚙️ Best For: Saw blades, router bits, planer knives
💰 Price: $$$$ (Expensive)
Tungsten carbide is super hard and wear-resistant, making it perfect for high-use cutting edges. The downside? It’s one of the most expensive materials and is brittle. Carbide-tipped blades and bits can cost 2-5x more than their HSS counterparts, but they last way longer and yield some amazing finishes in the right hands.

5. Stainless Steel – Rust-Resistant

🔩 Best For: Specialty tools, outdoor woodworking tools
💰 Price: $$ (Affordable to Mid-Range)
Stainless steel tools resist rust, making them great for humid workshops or outdoor use. However, because stainless steel doesn’t hold an edge as well as high-carbon or tool steel.

6. High-Carbon Chrome Steel – The Hybrid Workhorse

Best For: Premium hand tools, high-end saw blades
Price: $$$ (Mid to High)

This steel offers a great mix of hardness and corrosion resistance, making it a premium choice for high-end chisels and saw blades. Expect to pay more than standard tool steel but less than full tungsten carbide.

So, What Should You Buy?

• Budget-Friendly: High-carbon steel, stainless steel

• Mid-Range: Tool steel, HSS

• Premium: High-carbon chrome steel, cryo-treated A2 tool steel

• Luxury & Pro-Grade: Tungsten carbide

Choosing the right metal isn’t just about price—it’s also about durability, budget, and use case. Whether you’re just starting out or investing in lifelong tools, knowing what you’re paying for helps you make smarter decisions.